i-adectives: past – katta-form

Japanese i-adjectives also can express situations in the past. Whereas in English you have to use “was” in front of the word, i-adjectives can build the past on its own. Remove the い (i) at the end of the plain form and add かった (katta) to the stem of the i-adjective as described in the following examples:

  • => 高- => 高 + かった => 高かった
  • takai => taka- => taka + katta => takakatta
Plain Form Romaji Meaning Negation Romaji Meaning
takai high かった takakatta it was high
yasui cheap かった yasukatta it was cheap
美味し oishii tasty 美味しかった oishikatta it was tasty
hiroi spacious かった hirokatta it was spacious
寂し sabishii lonely 寂しかった sabishikatta it was lonely

Example

Kanji この話はあまり面白くなかったです。
Furigana このはなしはあまりおもしろくなかったです。
Romaji kono hanashi wa amari omoshirokunanakatta desu.
English This story was not very interesting.

Related articles:

Vocabulary Card – 重い – omoi

furigana: おもい
romaji: omoi
Meaning: heavy
Level: JLPT N5


Writing

Kanji Meaning Onyomi Kunyomi JLPT
heavy, serious, -fold JUU, CHOU omo(i), kasa(naru), -e  4
hiragana i 5

Grammar: i-adjective

Form Kanji Furigana
Romaji JLPT
plain form 重い おもい omoi 5
past 重かった おもかった omokatta
negation 重くない おもくない omokunai
past negation 重くなかった おもくなかった omokunakatta
sa form 重さ おもさ omosa
sou form 重そう おもそう omosou

Examples

Kanji この鞄は重そうです。
Furigana このかばんはおもそうです。
Romaji kono kaban wa omosou desu.
English This bag looks heavy.

Vocabulary

Synonym

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT

Opposite

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT
軽い かるい karui light weight 5

Related words

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT
体重 たいじゅう taijuu body weight

Kanji Card – 重

重

91CD - 重

Meaning heavy, serious, -fold
Onyomi JUU, CHOU
Kunyomi omo(i), kasa(naru), -e
Strokes 9 (click on the pick to start the video)

Vocabulary

Kanji Furigana Romaji Meaning JLPT
重い おもい omoi heavy 5
重なる かさなる kasanaru to be piled up, to overlap

Radicals

Radical Radical name Meaning
 –
 –
 –

Kanji Card – 住

住

4F4F - 住

Meaning to live in, to reside
Onyomi JUU
Kunyomi su(mu), su(mau)
Strokes 7 (click on the pick to start the video)

Vocabulary

Kanji Furigana Romaji Meaning JLPT
住む すむ sumu to live in, to reside 5
住宅地 じゅうたくち juutakuchi residential area

Radicals

Radical Radical name Meaning
  nimben  person
 –
 –

Vocabulary Card – 女の子 – onnanoko

Furigana: おんなのこ

Romaji: onnanoko

Meaning: girl

Level: JLPT N5

Word Type: noun


Writing

Kanji Meaning Onyomi Kunyomi JLPT
woman, female JO, NYO onnna, me 5
hiragana no 5
child SHI, SU ko 5

.


Examples

Kanji 鈴木さんは女の子が二人がいます。
Furigana すずきさんはおんなのこがふたりがいます。
Romaji suzuki san wa onnnanoko futari ga imasu.
English Mr. / Ms. Suzuki has two girls.

Vocabulary

Synonym

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT

Opposite

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT
男の子 おとこのこ otokonoko boy 5

Related words

Kanji Furigana
Romaji Meaning JLPT
女性 じょせい josei woman, female
子供 こども kodomo child 5